Co-signing a Loan FAQs

When you cosign a loan for a friend or family member, you’re putting your own finances and creditworthiness on the line. Here’s what you need to know before you cosign a loan.

• What’s a cosigner?
• Why would someone need me to cosign their loan?
• How do I know what my obligations are if I cosign a loan?
• What kinds of loans can be cosigned?
• If I cosign a loan, will I get any ownership in the property that the loan finances?
• Can cosigning a loan hurt my credit score?
• Can I be released from the loan?
• What are some other things to consider before cosigning a loan?
• If I decide to cosign a loan, what steps can I take to protect my financial well-being?

What’s a cosigner?

A cosigner is someone who agrees to be responsible for someone else’s debt. If you cosign someone’s loan and that person doesn’t make payments on the loan or defaults, you’ll have to repay the loan.

Why would someone need me to cosign their loan?

Someone who can’t get a loan on their own may be able to get a loan if they have a cosigner guarantee their debt. They might not qualify because they’re too young to have a credit history, have bad credit, or don’t have a steady income. When you agree to cosign a loan, you’re taking a chance on someone that the lender (or “creditor”) doesn’t think is a good credit risk.

How do I know what my obligations are if I cosign a loan?

To become a cosigner, you must first sign loan documents that tell you the terms of the loan. The lender also must give you a document called the Notice to Cosigner. The Notice tells you what will happen if the main borrower doesn’t pay on time or defaults on the debt. Under the FTC’s Credit Practices Rule, this is what the Notice says:

Notice to Cosigner

You are being asked to guarantee this debt. Think carefully before you do. If the borrower doesn’t pay the debt, you will have to. Be sure you can afford to pay if you have to, and that you want to accept this responsibility.

You may have to pay up to the full amount of the debt if the borrower does not pay. You may also have to pay late fees or collection costs, which increase this amount.

The creditor can collect this debt from you without first trying to collect from the borrower. The creditor can use the same collection methods against you that can be used against the borrower, such as suing you, garnishing your wages, etc. If this debt is ever in default, that fact may become a part of your credit record.

This notice is not the contract that makes you liable for debt.

In some states, creditors must try collecting from the main borrower before collecting from the cosigner. If this is the law in your state, creditors can cross out or omit the sentence in the Notice that says they can collect from you without first trying to collect from the primary borrower.

The Notice should be in the same language as the loan agreement. For example, if the agreement is in Spanish, the cosigner notice also should be in Spanish.

What kinds of loans can be cosigned?

A friend or family member can ask you to cosign just about any type of loan. Student loans, auto loans, home improvement loans, personal loans, and credit card agreements are common. Mortgage loans are too. However, you may not get a cosigner notice if you cosign some types of mortgage loans. That’s because federal law doesn’t require the notice for real estate purchases. It’s still important to carefully consider the risks of cosigning.

If I cosign a loan, will I get any ownership in the property that the loan finances?

When you cosign a loan, you agree to guarantee someone else’s debt. But you don’t get any title, ownership, or other rights to the property the loan is paying for. You’re there only to repay the debt if the main borrower falls behind on the payments or defaults.

Can cosigning a loan hurt my credit score?

Yes. Once you assume responsibility for the debt, it’s yours. You’re not the back-up for someone else’s loan. It becomes your loan and can be reported to the credit bureaus as your debt. If the primary borrower makes payments late or defaults, that bad credit history can show up on your credit report.

Can I be released from the loan?

You can ask the lender to include a cosigner release option in the loan agreement. But, even then, don’t count on getting a release. The lender and the main borrower both have to agree to your removal from the loan, and that’s not likely. After all, the lender only granted the loan because you agreed to be responsible. Releasing you would mean that they’d have to take on added risk.

What are some other things to consider before cosigning a loan?

• Even if the main borrower pays on time and you’re not asked to repay the debt, your liability for the loan may keep you from getting other credit. Creditors will consider the loan you cosigned as one of your obligations.
• Before you pledge property to secure the loan, like your car, furniture, or jewelry, make sure you understand the consequences. If the borrower defaults, you could lose them.
• Generally, lenders want to see a cosigner with high credit score, a clean credit report, and a long history of consistent, on-time payments. If you meet those criteria, are you willing to put it all on the line to cosign someone else’s loan?

If I decide to cosign a loan, what steps can I can take to protect my financial well-being?

• Ask your family member or friend to make a budget and show you how they’ll repay the loan. Make sure the monthly loan payments are affordable — for both of you. If the borrower loses their job or has a change in finances, can you afford to pay the loan?
• Ask the creditor to calculate the total amount you might owe if the main borrower defaults. The creditor doesn’t have to do this, but might, if you ask.
• Ask the lender to send you the monthly statements for the loan, or agree in writing to notify you if the borrower misses a payment or the terms of the loan change. If the lender will send you the statements, this will alert you if the borrower missed payments. If the lender won’t send the statements but will agree to notify you, it still can give you time to deal with the problem and may protect your credit. In both situations, you might be able to make back payments without having to repay the entire amount immediately.
• Communicate with the borrower regularly. Insist on regular updates about the loan and any anticipated payment problems.
• If you’re cosigning for a purchase, get copies of all important papers. This includes documents like the loan contract, the Truth-in-Lending Act disclosure statement, and any warranties. These may come in handy if there’s a dispute between the creditor and the borrower. The creditor doesn’t have to give you these papers. You may have to get copies from the borrower.
• Check your credit reports regularly. You may want to check as often as once a month to catch any missed payments or errors. If you see a missed payment, contact the main borrower right away to try to resolve the problem. If you see an error on your credit report, dispute it with both the lender or loan servicer and the credit reporting agencies.
• Check your state law for additional cosigner rights. Contact your state banking agency or attorney general to find out if your state has additional cosigner protections.

Published by the Federal Trade Commission